Knee Cartilage Damage

Knee cartilage damage involves injury or wear to the smooth, white articular cartilage that covers the ends of the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) in the knee joint. This cartilage provides a smooth, low-friction surface that allows the bones to glide against each other during movement.

Cartilage damage can result from acute injuries, such as a fall or direct blow, or develop gradually from wear and tear over time. When damaged, the cartilage loses its smooth surface, leading to friction, inflammation, and pain. If left untreated, cartilage damage can progress to knee arthritis.

At Mountain Spine & Orthopedics, our knee specialists use advanced imaging including MRI to assess cartilage damage and determine the best treatment approach, which may include minimally invasive procedures to restore or repair the cartilage and prevent further joint degeneration.

• Knee pain that may be constant or worsen with activity
• Swelling that may develop after activity or persist
• A feeling of grinding or catching in the joint during movement
• Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity
• Reduced range of motion
• Pain that worsens with weight-bearing activities
• In some cases, the knee may feel unstable or give way

Several factors increase the risk of knee cartilage damage:

• Previous knee injuries, such as meniscal tears or ligament injuries
• Overuse from repetitive high-impact activities
• Advancing age, as cartilage naturally wears down over time
• Obesity, which places increased stress on the cartilage
• Certain sports or activities that stress the knee joint
• Previous knee surgery that may have altered joint mechanics
• Structural abnormalities or malalignment of the knee

Diagnosis begins with a comprehensive physical examination to assess range of motion, identify pain patterns, and evaluate joint function. Our specialists look for signs of joint irritation, swelling, and mechanical symptoms.

We offer a complimentary MRI review, as MRI is the gold standard for visualizing cartilage damage and assessing its extent. X-rays may also be used to evaluate joint space and rule out other conditions. In some cases, arthroscopy may be used for both diagnosis and treatment.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

Initial treatment focuses on conservative measures, including activity modification, physical therapy referrals to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint mechanics, and anti-inflammatory medications. Weight management can also help reduce stress on damaged cartilage.

Injection or Interventional Care

For patients with persistent pain, corticosteroid injections may provide temporary relief. Biologic injections like PRP or stem cell therapy may help stimulate cartilage healing in some cases, though results vary.

Surgical Treatment Options

When conservative measures fail or cartilage damage is extensive, surgical options may be considered. These include minimally invasive procedures like cartilage restoration techniques (microfracture, OATS, or cell-based therapies) for younger patients, or knee replacement for advanced cases with extensive damage.

Knee cartilage damage pain is typically felt deep within the joint and may be described as a dull ache that worsens with activity. As the damage progresses, the pain may become more constant and severe, often accompanied by a grinding or catching sensation during movement.

The pain is often worse with weight-bearing activities and may improve with rest. Some patients experience swelling that comes and goes, particularly after activity. Our comprehensive treatment approach addresses both the cartilage damage and any associated inflammation, providing relief and preventing further joint degeneration.

While not all cartilage damage can be prevented, several strategies can help reduce risk:

• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the cartilage
• Regular low-impact exercise to strengthen knee muscles and maintain joint health
• Addressing knee injuries promptly to prevent complications
• Using proper technique and equipment during physical activities
• Avoiding overuse and allowing adequate recovery between activities
• Seeking early evaluation from a knee specialist when symptoms first appear
• Managing underlying conditions that may contribute to cartilage wear

If you're experiencing knee pain that may be related to cartilage damage, schedule a consultation with Mountain Spine & Orthopedics today. Benefit from a complimentary MRI review and expert evaluation to determine the best treatment approach. Same-day and next-day appointments are often available.